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Drawing on the concept of sociomateriality, this paper investigates the digitalisation of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in developing countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. NGOs represent one sector in which the consequences of digitalisation have been particularly striking. Nationwide lockdowns, travel restrictions and strict government guidelines led to NGOs embarking on a transition towards digitalisation for their continuity and survival. Adhering to a qualitative approach, data for the study have been derived through semi-structured interviews with stakeholders, focus group discussions with beneficiaries and a review of documentary sources. Outlining both the benefits and consequences of digitalisation, the findings of the study illustrate the way how the NGOs' digitalisation has triggered changes in both their operations and modes of communication, altered their relationships with beneficiaries and other stakeholders, and transformed their identity. The key contribution made by the paper involves moving beyond the human-centred and techno-centric approaches to digitalisation, which dominate the existing accounting literature, and illustrating how the performance of technologies evolves in everyday life. In doing so, the paper delineates the role that the technology itself can play in shaping NGOs' day-to-day practices in developing countries. © 2023 The Author(s)
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The novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus [SARS-CoV-2]) has spread out to most of the world with the World Health Organization (WHO) classifying it as a global pandemic. There exists very little information on the infectious course of COVID-19 in immunocompromised individuals, including transplant recipients. We report a case of a young adult who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in the immediate postoperative period following renal transplantation. Copyright © 2022 Indian Journal of Transplantation.
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Background- In December 2019, a series of pneumonia cases were identified with presumptive viral origin in Wuhan, China, the virus was initially designated as the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), later WHO renamed as Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objective- To describe the sociodemographic profile & Treatment Outcome of Covid -19 Patients attending Covid Hospitals of Datia district of M.P. Methods -it was descriptive, cross sectional observational study conducted among COVID-19 positive cases admitted & managed at Covid hospitals (DCH & DCHC) affiliated to Government Medical College Datia,M.P. from 1st April 2020 to 15th December 2020. Data was collected regarding age,sex, Occupation, Residence and Treatment Outcome of Covid 19 patients and analysed accordingly with the help of EpiInfo software. Results- The mean age of the patients was found 37.69±16.74 years. 65.7% of patients were belonged to a middle age group & male sex. Only 23.14% belongs to peripheral area& remaining were of urban area. Out of total 1620 positive patients, 78.76% patients were admitted & remaining were advised for home isolation. 92.47% had been discharged &cured,only 1.72 % patients were up referred and only 0.39 % death had been occurred among of all admitted patients. Conclusion- As only 1.72 % patients were up referred and 0.39 % death had been occurred among of all admitted patients which shows a good quality care of covid patients and may be also be due to mainly middle aged patients were found infected with covid -19 without any more significant co morbid conditions.
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To study tolerability and outcome of oral favipiravir treatment among COVID-19 patients in Nepal. In this multi-centered randomized, open-labelled phase III clinical trial, we enrolled 18-80 years old, RT-PCR confirmed patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 infection from 9 participating hospitals of Nepal, within 6 days of onset of symptoms. The investigational product (Favipiravir) was compared against placebo in patients with mild infection and against Remdesivir in moderate infection. Patients who met the eligibility criteria were randomly enrolled in the study after taking informed consent. This is a preliminary report of the data analysis. At the time of this preliminary data analysis, 90 cases were enrolled in the study including 70 mild and 20 moderate cases (see table). Among the participants with mild COVID19 infection, clinical improvement was noted in 30 (78.9%) and 27 (84.4%) patients who received Favipiravir and placebo, respectively (p=0.78). While among the participants with moderate infection, 9 (81%) and 8 (88.9%) patients who received Favipiravir and Remdesivir, respectively, had clinical improvement (p=1). Patients tolerated Favipiravir well with only 3 (6.12 %) patients showing adverse events, which were mainly elevated liver function test & uric acid level, both considered minor. None of the patients receiving placebo or remdesivir reported any adverse events. The investigational product has been tolerated well by this group of patients with only mild and reversible side effects in 6.12 % cases. The outcomes between the study groups were comparable. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of International Journal of Infectious Diseases is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has brought life to a standstill across the world, with nearly 178 countries reporting school closures. As the schools have started reopening slowly, precautions are utmost necessary to prevent the potential spread of COVID-19 in school and community settings. Objective To assess knowledge, attitude and practice towards COVID-19 among private school teachers. Method A web based cross-sectional analytical study design was undertaken. Currently working private school teachers of Chitwan District were included as a unit of analysis. The snowball sampling technique was employed to identify the eligible participant. Collected data was entered in SPSS version 20 and analyzed using the Chi-square test, Pearson correlation, and binary logistic regression. Result Of 344 participants, the majority were male (52.9%), most of the participants were from age group 26-30 years (38.4%). Regarding knowledge, attitude and practice, 57% had good knowledge, 53.2% had favorable attitude and 51.7% had good practice towards COVID-19. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated gender (OR 0.475, 95% CI: 0.256-0.818) and COVID-19 training (OR 25.687, 95% CI 5.354-123.226) were significant with good knowledge. Conclusion Knowledge about COVID-19 among private schools teacher was good, attitudes have been mostly favorable, and the practices were mostly adequate. However, good knowledge is not the only factor for better attitude and good practices. It is necessary to implement massive education campaigns, trainings and information via school authorities and health authorities by developing and adopting appropriate guidelines on COVID-19.
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TOPIC: Chest Infections TYPE: Medical Student/Resident Case Reports INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 pneumonia can result in complications such as ARDS, septic shock, thromboembolic events, and kidney failure. Spontaneous pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema are rare complications. CASE PRESENTATION: A 72-year-old African American female presented with a four day history of dyspnea. She was tachypneic with respiratory rate of 25/min with O2 saturation of 67% on room air, oxygen therapy via nonrebreather mask improved the O2 saturation to 92%. PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 was positive. Laboratory studies revealed a D-dimer-1121 ng/ml, C-reactive protein-15.97mg/dl, ferritin-356.8 and lactate dehydrogenase-337 U/L. Chest X-ray showed focal areas of interstitial and alveolar opacities. A CT scan of chest showed multiple focal ground glass opacities in the bilateral lung fields. She was treated with dexamethasone, remdesivir and supplemental oxygen. Two days later she became more hypoxic and chest X-ray showed increased interstitial opacities and a small pneumomediastinum. She was placed on high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy. On the fourth day, her condition acutely worsened and she was emergently intubated without any complications and placed on mechanical ventilation with tidal volume of 6ml/kg ideal body weight. Post intubation chest-X-ray showed extensive pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema and right sided pneumothorax. Bilateral chest tubes were placed. Ultimately the patient passed away. DISCUSSION: COVID-19 pneumonia presents with a wide spectrum of symptoms, ranging from febrile illness to complications like ARDS, respiratory failure, and septic shock. Spontaneous pneumothorax, subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum are relatively rare complications. We presented a case of COVID-19 pneumonia who developed these complications while getting appropriate treatment. COVID-19 pneumonia can cause diffuse alveolar damage, desquamation of pneumocytes and cellular fibromyositis [1,2]. Increase in alveolar pressure by coughing or Valsalva maneuver can cause marginal alveoli to rupture and leak air into the interstitial space. The air then dissects between the perivascular and the peri-bronchial sheath into the mediastinum, pleural space and subcutaneous tissue causing pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema respectively. Higher level of LDH is associated with increased risk of air leak from the lungs [3]. Small pneumothoraces can resolve on their own, but larger require chest tubes. Pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema are usually self-limiting benign conditions which resolve with bed rest, analgesics, and oxygen therapy [3]. CONCLUSIONS: Sudden deterioration in the oxygenation in COVID-19 patient should prompt clinicians to think of possible air leakage. Management of pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema and smaller spontaneous pneumothorax is conservative but large and tension pneumothoraces require chest tube. REFERENCE #1: Quincho-Lopez A, Quincho-Lopez DL, Hurtado-Medina FD. Case Report: Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum as Uncommon Complications of COVID-19 Pneumonia-Literature Review. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020;103(3):1170-1176. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.20-0815 REFERENCE #2: Shan S, Guangming L, Wei L, Xuedong Y. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema in COVID-19: case report and literature review. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2020;62:e76. Published 2020 Oct 9. doi:10.1590/S1678-9946202062076 REFERENCE #3: Elhakim TS, Abdul HS, Pelaez Romero C, Rodriguez-Fuentes Y. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema in COVID-19 pneumonia: a rare case and literature review. BMJ Case Rep. 2020;13(12):e239489. Published 2020 Dec 12. doi:10.1136/bcr-2020-239489 DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Prakash Adhikari, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Nikhil Madala, source=Web Response
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The first case of coronavirus disease 2019 was reported on December 31, 2019 in Wuhan, China where the average case fatality rate was 6.1 +/- 2.9%. There are 453 deaths as of September 24, 2020 in Nepal. We report the first death of a 29-years-old postpartum woman due to COVID-19 in Nepal who was referred from a rural health center to Dhulikhel Hospital. On arrival, she was taken to the acute respiratory zone of the emergency department to provide immediate lifesaving procedures. Despite the repeated resuscitative measures, return of spontaneous circulation could not be achieved. The real time polymerase chain reaction test was positive. Our case report highlights the importance of early clinical suspicion, importance of "safety first" in healthcare settings, and the chain of management in such patients. We consider the fact that a postpartum woman registered as the first case of COVID-19 related death in Nepal to be an area of further study.
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Indian Institute(s) of Technology (IITs in short) are public technology-based universities in India. Declared to be 'institutions of national importance', they have been at the forefront of technical education. Well-known for their all-rounded human-centric approach, IITs have encouraged sports. In the past, IIT Bombay-one of the oldest among them-has revelled in sporting glory. However, recent trends in Inter-IIT sports meets seem to indicate stagnation. Some stakeholders of the institute feel that the time is ripe to implement innovative pilots at the grassroot level to alleviate this vexing problem. We take participation in biathlon as a proxy for fitness needed for sporting activities and try to analyse the problem better by undertaking an observation-aided problem structuring exercise to reach at actor-clustered root causes for the slow uptake of practices. Lack of motivation fuelled by valence deficit among students and lack of awareness about the synergistic impact of regular practices on other facets of life, emerge to be high-potential root causes. This exercise is followed by the exploration of alternative group-level virtual distributed-practice ideas (given the context of COVID-19) to leverage management of technology (MoT) of emerging technologies to improve practices. Our work adds to the extant body of knowledge along the methodological dimension by expounding in discreet details the steps involved in problem structuring. Structured and sustainable initiatives of practices piloted as a part of this study can be implemented on a larger scale and can be communicated to the higher authorities through the Institute Sports Council for immediate implementation. © 2020 Towards the Digital World and Industry X.0 - Proceedings of the 29th International Conference of the International Association for Management of Technology, IAMOT 2020. All rights reserved.
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Purpose: First, the paper examines the short-term fiscal and budgetary responses of the South Asian governments to the COVID-19 pandemic. Next, it brings out the implications of such responses, focusing on India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. Design/methodology/approach: The paper is based on multiple secondary data sources, including the viewpoints of experts and government officials. Data are analysed using the ideas of financial resilience. Findings: South Asian governments' response to the pandemic shows a gap in understanding the magnitude of the problem and in developing financial resilience. This paper points out the importance of avoiding austerity, becoming more cautious in accepting lending conditions, rethinking public sector accountability and revitalising mutual collaboration through SAARC for developing financial resilience, both at individual country and regional levels. Originality/value: The study offers some insights on policy implications for South Asian governments in terms of building financial resilience to deal with future crises. © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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The first case of coronavirus disease 2019 was reported on December 31, 2019 in Wuhan, China where the average case fatality rate was 6.1 ± 2.9%. There are 453 deaths as of September 24, 2020 in Nepal. We report the first death of a 29-years-old postpartum woman due to COVID-19 in Nepal who was referred from a rural health center to Dhulikhel Hospital. On arrival, she was taken to the acute respiratory zone of the emergency department to provide immediate lifesaving procedures. Despite the repeated resuscitative measures, return of spontaneous circulation could not be achieved. The real time polymerase chain reaction test was positive. Our case report highlights the importance of early clinical suspicion, importance of “safety first” in healthcare settings, and the chain of management in such patients. We consider the fact that a postpartum woman registered as the first case of COVID-19 related death in Nepal to be an area of further study. © 2020, Kathmandu University. All rights reserved.